2012年EMSO诊断、治疗和随访乳腺癌复发和转移的指南

Breastcanceristhemostcommoncancerinwomeninalmostallcountries,includingdevelopingcountries.In2008,1380000newcasesand458000breastcancerdeathswerenotedintheworldand332000newcases/89000deathsintheEuropeanUnion.Theage-standardizedincidenceinEuropewas62.8/100000andthemortality—16.7/100000women/year.Since1990,theincidenceratehasincreased1.5%annually.Owingtoadvancesbothinearlydetectionandinadjuvantsystemictherapy,mortalityratesfrombreastcancerhebeendecreasingsteadilyinmostWesterncountriessincetheearly1990s.However,itisstilltheleadingcauseofcancerdeathinwomeninbothdeveloping(269000deaths,12.7%oftotal)anddeveloped(189000deaths,15.5%oftotal)regions.Approximately5%to10%ofbreastcancersaremetastaticatdiagnosis;ofthese,approximatelyone-fifthwillsurvive5years.Dependingonprognosticfactors,upto30%ofnode-negativeandupto70%ofnode-positivebreastcancerswillrelapse.Theprevalenceofmetastaticdiseaseishighbecausemanywomenlivewiththisdiseaseforseveralyears;thereishowever,amajorlackofaccuratedataonthisprevalenceinthegreatmajorityofcountriessincemostcancerregistriesdonotcapturerelapses.Astherearesignificantvariationsinoutcomesofearlybreastcanceramongdifferentregions,theburdenofmetastaticbreastcancer(MBC)maydifferfromthatofearlydisease.

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